Raafat A. ELkammar, Hala H. Zayd, Lamiaa AbdAllah “An OFF-Line Handwritten Cursive Arabic Recognation System”, published in the 11th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications ICAIA, Cairo International conference Center, Cairo, EGYPT, Feb. 5-8, 2003. Raafat A. ELkammar, Hala H. Zayd, L. A. El-Refaee “A Novel Approach for Recognition of handwritten Arabic words”, Ain Shams Univ., Faculty of Engineering Scientific Bulletin, vol. 38, no. 4, p. 621-641, December 31, 2003. Lamiaa A. El-refaey, Mahmoud E. Allam, Hala A. Kader, “Robust blind DCT-Domain Watermarking using Scalar Costa scheme”, Engineering research Journal- shoubra FOE, no. 8, p. 28-39, January 2008. Lamiaa A. El-refaey, Mahmoud E. Allam, Hala A. Kader,Mazen Selim, “Robust blind adaptive-image watermarking”, Twenty Fifth National Radio Science Conference NRSC, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, March 18 - 20, 2008, DOI: 10.1109/NRSC.2008.4542331 Ezdihar N. Bifari, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, " Automated Fingerprint Identification System Based on Weighted Feature Points Matching Algorithm", Third International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI-2014), p. 2212-2217, September 24-27, 2014, Delhi, India, DOI: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968559 Alghamdi S.J. and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Dynamic User Verification Using Touch Keystroke Based on Medians Vector Proximity”, 7th International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSyN 2015). p. 121-126, June 3-5, 2015, Riga, Latvia, DOI: 10.1109/CICSyN.2015.31 Reem Ahmed Alotaibi and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Arabic Text Watermarking: A Review”, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA) Vol. 6, No. 4, p. 1-16, July 2015, DOI: 10.5121/ijaia.2015.6401 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Asrar Bajaber, Sumayyah Natheir, Nada AbuSanab, and Marwa Bazi, “Automatic Electricity Meter Reading Based on Image Processing”, IEEE Jordan Conference on Applied Electrical Engineering and Computing Technologies (AEECT 2015) p. 1- 5,, November 3-5, 2015, Dead Sea, Jordan, DOI: 10.1109/AEECT.2015.7360571. Reem Ahmed Alotaibi and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Utilizing Word Space with Pointed and Un-pointed Letters for Arabic Text Watermarking”, UKSim-AMSS 18th International Conference on Modelling & Simulation (UKSim 2016), p. 111-116, April 6-8, 2016, Cambridge University (Emmanuel College), UK, DOI: 10.1109/UKSim.2016.34. N. Akkari, J. M. Jornet, P. Wang, E. Fadel, L. Elrefaei, M. G. A. Malik, S. Almasri, and I. F. Akyildiz “Distributed Timely-Throughput Optimal Scheduling for the Internet of Nano-Things”, IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 3, No. 6, p. 1202-1212, Dec. 2016, DOI: 10.1109/JIOT.2016.2573679. Reem Ahmed Alotaibi and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Improved Capacity Arabic Watermarking Methods based on Open Word Space”, The Journal of King Saud University Computer and Information Sciences (Elsevier), first online 11 January 2017, Vol. 30, No. 2, p. 236-248, April 2018, DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2016.12.007 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Mona Omar Al-musawa, and Norah Abdullah Al-gohany, “Development of Android Application for Object Detection Based on Color, Shape, or Local Features”, The International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA), Vol.9, No.1, p. 21-30, February 2017. DOI: 10.5121/ijma.2017.9103 Ezdihar N. Bifari, and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, "A Weighted Score Matching Algorithm for A Multimodal Biometric System Based on Fingerprint and Hand Geometry", Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology (JJCIT), Vol. 3, No. 1, P. 1-24, April 2017, DOI: 10.5455/jjcit.71-1472524068. Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Alaa Alharthi, Huda Alamoudi, Shatha Almutairi, and Fatima Al-rammah, “Real-Time Face Detection and Tracking on Mobile Phones for Criminal Detection”, The 2nd International Conference on Anti-Cyber Crimes (ICACC 2017), King Khalid University, p.75- 80, March 26-27, 2017, Abha, Saudi Arabia, DOI: 10.1109/Anti-Cybercrime.2017.7905267 Alghamdi S.J. and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Effect of Training Data Size on Touch Keystroke Verification with Medians Vector Proximity Classifier”, International Journal of Simulation- Systems, Science and Technology- IJSSST, Vol. 16, No. 6,2015, DOI: 10.5013/IJSSST.a.16.06.04. Alghamdi S.J. and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Dynamic Authentication of Smart Phone Users based on Touchscreen Gestures”, The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering (AJSE), first online 4 August 2017, Vol. 43, No. 2, p. 798-810, Feb. 2018, DOI 10.1007/s13369-017-2758-x Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Doaa H. Hamid, Afnan A. Bayazed, Sara S. Bushnak, and Shaikhah Y. Maasher, “Developing Iris Recognition System for Smartphone Security”, Multimedia Tools and Applications (Springer), first online 22 August 2017, Vol. 77, No. 12, p. 14579–14603, June 2018, DOI 10.1007/s11042-017-5049-3 Mai A. Fadel. and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Adjustments of Methodology Planning and Assessment Activities of Senior Projects in the Computer Science”, International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science (IJMECS), Vol. 10, No. 2, P. 16-25, February 2018, DOI: 10.5815/ijmecs.2018.02.02 Maram. G Alaslani and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Convolutional Neural Network Based Feature Extraction for Iris Recognition”, International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT), Vol 10, No 2, P. 65-78, April 2018, DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2018.10206 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Smartphone Based Image Color Correction for Color blindness”, International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM), Vol. 12, No. 3, P. 104-119, 2018, DOI: 10.3991/ijim.v12i3.8160 Reem Bashmail, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, and Wadee Alhalabi, “Automatic Segmentation of Chromosome Cells”, In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics 2018. AISI 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 845. Springer, Cham, p.654- 663. DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-99010-1_60 Reem Ahmed Alotaibi and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Text-image Watermarking based on Integer Wavelet Transform (IWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)”, Applied Computing and Informatics (2018), first online 23 June 2018, in press, Accepted, DOI: 10.1016/j.aci.2018.06.003 Bayan Bagasi and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Arabic Manuscript Content Based Image Retrieval: A comparison between SURF and BRISK Local Features”, International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS), Vol 7, No 6, P.355-364, November 2018. DOI: 10.12785/ijcds/070604 Norah Abdullah Al-johani and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Dorsal Hand Vein Recognition by Convolutional Neural Networks: Feature Learning and Transfer Learning Approaches”, International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems, Vol.12, No.3, P.178-191, June 2019. DOI: 10.22266/ijies2019.0630.19 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Bshaer Azan, Sameera Hakami, and Safiah Melebari, “Jcave: A 3D Interactive Game to Assist Home Physiotherapy Rehabilitation”, The International Journal of Multimedia & Its Applications (IJMA), Vol.11, No.2, p.1-20, April 2019. DOI: 10.5121/ijma.2019.11201 Arwa S. Al-Shannaq and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, "Comprehensive Analysis of The Literature For Age Estimation From Facial Images", IEEE Access, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 93229 - 93249, July 2019. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2927825 Maram G Alaslni and Lamiaa A Elrefaei, "Transfer Learning With Convolutional Neural Networks For Iris Recognition", International Journal Of Artificial Intelligence & Applications, vol: 10, No.5, pp. 49-66, September 2019. DOI: 10.5121/ijaia.2019.10505 Soad Almabdy and Lamiaa Elrefaei, "Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Approaches for Face Recognition", Applied Sciences-Basel, vol: 9, No.20, pp. 4397, 2019. Doi:10.3390/app9204397 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei and Ashwaq M. Al-Mohammadi, "Machine Vision Gait-Based Biometric Cryptosystem Using A Fuzzy Commitment Scheme", Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences (Elsevier), first online 2 November 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2019.10.011 Muna O. AlMasawa, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, and Kawthar Moria, " A Survey on Deep Learning Based Person Re-Identification Systems", IEEE Access, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 175228-175247, December 2019, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2957336 Arwa S. Al-Shannaq and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, "AGE ESTIMATION USING SPECIFIC DOMAIN TRANSFER LEARNING", Jordanian Journal of Computers and Information Technology (JJCIT), vol: 6, No.2, pp. 123-140, June 2020. Norah Abdullah Al-johani and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “PALMPRINT AND DORSAL HAND VEIN MULTI-MODAL BIOMETRIC FUSION USING DEEP LEARNING”, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (IJAIML), Vol.10, No.2, 2020. Manal M. Khayyat and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Towards Author Recognition of Ancient Arabic Manuscripts Using Deep Learning: A Transfer Learning Approach”, International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS), Vol 9, No 5, P.783-799, September 2020. DOI: 10.12785/ijcds/090502 Manal M. Khayyat and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “A Deep Learning Based Prediction of Arabic Manuscripts Handwriting Style”, The International Arab Journal of Information Technology (IAJIT), Vol 17, No 5, P.1-10, September 2020. DOI: 10.34028/iajit/17/5/3 Manal M. Khayyat and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, " Manuscripts Image Retrieval Using Deep Learning Incorporating a Variety of Fusion Levels", IEEE Access, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 136460 - 136486, July 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3010882 Mona S Al-Kharraz, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, and Mai A Fadel, " Automated system for chromosome karyotyping to recognize the most common numerical abnormalities using deep learning", IEEE Access, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 157727 - 157747, August 2020, DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3019937 Soad Almabdy and Lamiaa Elrefaei, " Feature Extraction and Fusion for Face Recognition Systems using Pre-Trained Convolutional Neural Networks ", International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems (IJCDS), vol: 10, No.1, pp. 455-461, April 2021. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/100144 Soad Almabdy and Lamiaa Elrefaei, " An Overview of Deep Learning Techniques for Biometric Systems", in Book: Proceeding of Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Development: Theory, Practice and Future Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence 2021, vol 912. Springer, Cham, p. 127-170. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-51920-9_8 Heyam M. Bin Jahlan, and Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, “Detecting Violence in Video Based on Deep Features Fusion Technique”, in the IIXth International Workshop on Representation, analysis and recognition of shape and motion FroM Imaging data (RFMI 2019), December 11-13, 2019, Sidi Bou Said, Tunis. Al-Kharraz M., Elrefaei L.A., Fadel M. (2021) Classifying Chromosome Images Using Ensemble Convolutional Neural Networks. In: Gao XZ., Kumar R., Srivastava S., Soni B.P. (eds) Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4604-8_58 Nouf Rahimi, Fathy Eassa, Lamiaa Elrefaei, "An Ensemble Machine Learning Technique for Functional Requirement Classification" Symmetry, Vol.12, No.10, pp. 1601, September 2020, DOI: 10.3390/sym12101601 Bahatheg N., Alloqmani A., Alsaedi O., Alnanih R., Elrefaei L. (2021) Interactive Learning Tool for Image Compression Using Singular Value Decomposition. In: Arai K. (eds) Advances in Information and Communication. FICC 2021. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1364. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73103-8_67 Jahlan, H.M.B., Elrefaei, L.A. Mobile Neural Architecture Search Network and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory-Based Deep Features Toward Detecting Violence from Video. Arab J Sci Eng (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05589-5 Rawan Hassoubah, Amel Aljebry, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, "Saudi Riyal Coin Detection and Recognition", IEEE Second International Conference on Image Information Processing ICIIP, Jaypee University of Information Technology, India, p. 62-66, 9 – 11 December 2013. DOI: 10.1109/ICIIP.2013.6707556 Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Tahani Q. Alhassan, Shefaa S. Omar, An Arabic Visual Dataset for Visual Speech Recognition, Procedia Computer Science, Volume 163, 2019, Pages 400-409, ISSN 1877-0509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.122. Tahani Q. Alhassan, Shefaa S. Omar, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Game of Bloxorz Solving Agent Using Informed and Uninformed Search Strategies, Procedia Computer Science, Volume 163, 2019, Pages 391-399, ISSN 1877-0509, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.12.121. Reem Bashmail, Muna Al-Kharraz, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Wadee Alhalabi, Mai Fadel (2021) Recognition of the Most Common Trisomies through Automated Identification of Abnormal Metaphase Chromosome Cells. In book: Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Smart Cities. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003172772-7 Ahad Alloqmani, Omimah Alsaedi, Nadia Bahatheg, Reem Alnanih, and Lamiaa Elrefaei, "Design Principles-Based Interactive Learning Tool for Solving Nonlinear Equations", Computer Systems Science & Engineering, vol: 40, No.3, pp. 1023-1042, 2022. doi:10.32604/csse.2022.019704 Nouf Rahimi, Fathy Eassa, Lamiaa Elrefaei, "One- and Two-Phase Software Requirement Classification Using Ensemble Deep Learning" Entropy, Vol.23, No.10, pp. 1264, September 2021, DOI: 10.3390/e23101264 Eythar Alghamdi, Aseel Alsaedi, Sarah Alsubhi, Reem Alnanih, Lamia Elrefaei, "The Effect of User Experience on Designing Interactive Tool: A Case Study of Learning Images Compression", International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research, vol: 9, No.10, pp. 1312-1320, 2021. doi:10.30534/ijeter/2021/039102021 Nadia H. Alsulami, Amani T. Jamal, and Lamiaa Elrefaei, "Deep Learning-Based Approach for Arabic Visual Speech Recognition", Computers, Materials & Continua, vol: 71, No.1, pp. 85-108, 2022. doi:10.32604/cmc.2022.019450 Bajaber, A., Fadel, M., Elrefaei, L. (2022). Evaluation of Deep Learning Models for Person Authentication Based on Touch Gesture. Computer Systems Science and Engineering, 42(2), 465–481. Bajaber, A.; Elrefaei, L. Biometric Template Protection for Dynamic Touch Gestures Based on Fuzzy Commitment Scheme and Deep Learning. Mathematics 2022, 10, 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10030362 Khayyat, M. M., Elrefaei, L. A., Khayyat, M. M. (2022). Historical Arabic Images Classification and Retrieval Using Siamese Deep Learning Model. CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(1), 2109–2125. Khayyat, M.M., Elrefaei, L.A. Deep reinforcement learning approach for manuscripts image classification and retrieval. Multimed Tools Appl (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12572-1 Mostafa, Fatma A., Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Mostafa M. Fouda, and Aya Hossam. 2022. "A Survey on AI Techniques for Thoracic Diseases Diagnosis Using Medical Images" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3034. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123034 Hassan, S. I., Elrefaei, L., & Andraws, M. (2023). Arabic Tweets Spam Detection Based on Various Supervised Machine Learning and Deep Learning Classifiers. MSA Engineering Journal, 2(2), 1099-1119. doi: 10.21608/msaeng.2023.291931 kamel, S.M., Hassan, S.I. & Elrefaei, L. VAQA: Visual Arabic Question Answering. Arab J Sci Eng (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07687-y Azouz, R., Mosleh Eid, E., Elrefaei, L., & TagElDien, H. A. (2023). Comparison of different strategies for Time and Energy Efficient Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing. Engineering Research Journal - Faculty of Engineering (Shoubra), 52(2), 51-63. doi: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.187176.1128 YUN, RACHEL; SALAMA, MAY; and ELREFAEI, LAMIAA (2023) "An exploratory study on the effect of applying various artificial neural networks to the classification of lower limb injury," Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences: Vol. 31: No. 2, Article 14. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0632.3994 Muna O. AlMasawa, Kawthar Moria, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei (2023) Toward Long-Term Person Re-identification with Deep Learning. In: Intelligent Image and Video Analytics. CRC Press. DOI: 10.1201/9781003053262-2 Fatma A. Mostafa, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, Mostafa M. Fouda And Aya Hossam, “Diagnosis of Lung Diseases from Chest X-Ray Images Using Different Fusion Techniques”, in the 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology ((ICoICT2023)), August 23-24, 2023, Melaka, Malaysia. DOI: 10.1109/ICoICT58202.2023.10262761