Abstract Background and aim: the relationship between insulin resistance (IR), hypovitamine D and cerebral infarction and its exact mechanism are not fully understood. However, oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory mediators may be involved. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vitamin D on cerebral infarction, insulin resistance and inflammatory mediators in rats received high-fructose-diet. Material and methods eight four adult albino rats were divided randomly into 3 groups, normal control group, diabetic group rats received high fructose diet for 2 months without no treatment, diabetic rats received alphacalcidol (10ug//kg/day, orally), which was continued daily throughout the experiment, After 2 months, fasting blood glucose level and insulin, IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR). Some cerebrovascular risk markers as lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides), as well as inflammatory biomarker interleukin-6 and cerebral infarction size were measured. Results rats had high fructose diet showed low 1, 25 (OH)2 D, with a significant (p