The Atalla Shear Zone (ASZ) is a NW-oriented mega-shear that belongs to the Najd-Shear Corridor in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. The present study focused on the structural and tectonic evolution of the ASZ throughout integrated space-born optical-based mapping and structural-field work. The ASZ area comprises a Neoproterozoic rock succession including serpentinites, island-arc assemblage of metasediments and metavolcanics, Dokhan Volcanics, Hammamat Sediments, and granitoids. A lithological mapping was carried out using Landsat-8 (ETM+) and ASTER, and the image processing techniques included false color composites (FCC), principal component analysis (PCA), and RGB band ratios (BR). The predominant trends were ENE-WSW and NE-SW. The transcurrent shearing related to ENE-WSW shortening in the ASZ resulted in prominent transpressive shear structures among which we find shear-related folds, imbricated fans and antiformal stacks, and passive-roofed- and domino-style-thrust duplexes. A reasonable structural history involving four successive deformation phases (D1–D4) was established. D1 was recorded within the amphibolitic enclaves found at Um Baanib area. D2 was a syn-accretion shortening stage, concurrent with the E–W assembly of Gondwanalands, and responsible for the W- and WSW-propagated thrusts and thrust-related folds. D3 and D4 were post-accretion phases that resulted in formation of the Najd-related ASZ with sinistral sense of shearing. The emplacement and exhumation of the Meatiq Gneiss Dome, and also the deposition of the Hammamat Volcanosedimentary Sequence in fault-controlled sags and pull-apart, are believed to be post-accretion and associated with the D3 phase.