Although many studies have shown that inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the various toxic effects of
T-2 toxin, there are relatively few reports on the mechanism of this phenomenon. Meanwhile, accumulating
evidence has shown that miR-155-5p is activated in the inflammatory response. As molecular pathways and
mechanisms involved in T-2 toxin-induced inflammatory response are poorly elucidated, we assessed whether
miR-155-5p is involved in the inflammation effects mediated by T-2 toxin. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with T-
2 toxin (14 nM and 12 h) resulted in inflammatory response and associated with alteration of the gene expression
signature of miR-155-5p. Knockdown or overexpression of miR-155-5p both indicated that miR-155-5p positively regulated the expression of the inflammation factors. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase
assay indicated that atg3 and rheb are targets of miR-155-5p. However, atg3 and SOCS1 play positive roles in the
inflammatory response regulated by miR-155-5p, while rheb plays a negative role. In addition, the in vivo study
showed that single administration of T-2 toxin in mice enhances spleen immune response, which was accompanied by an overexpression of miR-155-5p. These findings indicate that miR-155-5p might have an important
role associated with the inflammatory response induced by T-2 toxin. In conclusion, a dual character of miR-155-
5p in inflammation response was revealed, which might exist in other reactions in which miR-155-5p is involved.