Hypercholesterolemia is one of the most important risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of curcumin (CUR) administration on serum lipid profile, apolipoprotein A (apo A), apolipoprotein B (apo B), Lipoprotein a Lp (a), homocysteine and endotheline-1 (ET-1) in high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats have been evaluated. This study was carried out on 60 male rats. The rats were divided into four equal groups of 15 rats each. Group Ι :( Control group): rats fed on normal diet. Group Π: Rats fed with hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) [4% cholesterol (w/w) and 1% cholic acid] and received no drug all over the period of the experiment. Group III: Rats fed with HCD + administrated with curcumin (200 mg/kg, body weight/day orally) after two weeks from the onset of the experiment (induction of hypercholesterolemia).Group IV: Rats fed with normal diet + administrated with curcumin (200 mg/kg, body weight/day orally) after two weeks from the onset of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from all animal groups three times at 2, 4 and 6 weeks from the onset of treatment with curcumin. The obtained results showed that, cholesterolinduced hypercholesterolemia caused a marked increase in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDLC, VLDL-C, phospholipids, lipoprotein A, Apo B, endothelin-1 and homocysteine. On the other hand, a significant decrease in serum HDL–C and Apo A were observed in high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats. Treatment with curcumin to high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemia rats lowered serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, VLDL-C, phospholipid, endothelin-1 and homocysteine concentration, in addition to, increasing HDL-C and Apo A. These results suggest that, curcumin may be effective in controlling cholesterolemic status and improving dyslipidemia and has the potential in reducing cardiovascular complications due to hypercholesterolemia.