This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in four chicken populations; Fayoumi × Fayoumi (FF), Fayoumi × Rhode Island Red (FR), Rhode Island Red× Fayoumi (RF) and Rhode Island Red× Rhode Island Red (RR). Fifteen decamer (RAPD) primers were screened on pooled genomic DNA of four chicken populations produced a total of 154 bands. The number of polymorphic bands was 55.0 with an average of 3.66 per primer. The level of polymorphism among the four chicken genotypes was 36.34%. Genetic similarity between crossbred populations (FR and RF) was (80.28%) while, the similarity between the purebred populations (FF and RR) was (76%). RAPD data showed a clear distinction of Fayoumi from RIR.