Background and rational: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a major anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokine that plays an important role in regulation of immune system. Its activity may be important for clinical outcome of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the IL-10 (-1082G/A) polymorphism and the risk of developing DKD in a group of Egyptian patients. Patients and Methods: The IL-10 (1082) G/A gene polymorphism was detected using PCR-RFLP in 50 subjects, 40 type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and 10 diabetics without DKD as a control subjects. The subjects were divided in to 3 groups; (Group I), included 20 albuminuric patients, with A/C ratio > 30 mg/g, (Group II), included 20 non albuminuric patients, with A/C ratio < 30 mg/g, and (Group III), 10 type 2 diabetic patients as controls without DKD. Results: IL-10 gene variants showed statisticaly significant association in the different studied groups and the most frequent genotype in patients with DKD was GG genotype. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and e GFR were significant predictors of GG genotype, but UACR was much stronger predictor. (p=0.005 and 0.019) respectively. Conclusion: The IL-10 (1082) G/A gene polymorphism might be associated with the risk of development of DKD in the studied patients. Moreover, the mutant G allele of the polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of DKD compared to the wild A allele.