Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is classically described as abrupt or rapidly reversible
reduction of excretion of nitrogenous waste products including urea, nitrogen, and
creatinine. In critical care setting, patients with AKI constitute an important
subgroup in that they have higher short-term and long-term mortality, prolonged
hospital stay, and more resource consumption. Risk factors for AKI in patients with
severe illness are multifactorial, including underlying certain predisposing factors,
as aged patients tend to acquire AKI more than younger patients, together with
underlying comorbidities AKI is common and carries a high mortality rate. Most
epidemiological studies were retrospective and were done in Western populations.
Aim
The aim was to highlight the risk factors, mechanisms, and prognosis in AKI in
patients in ICU.
Patients and methods
This is a prospective, observational study that was carried out in ICU, Benha
University Hospitals, from January 2018 to July 2018. This study included 50 critical
ill patients admitted to ICU. Oral and written consent was taken from every
participant after explaining the procedures of the analysis. All patients were
clinically evaluated and had routine assessment.
Results
The mean age of our studied population was 56.3±6.8 years, demonstrating a
significant trend toward an increased number of AKI cases with older age. Males
represented 68.9% of the included patients, and 62% of patients with AKI had a
history of diabetes mellitus. Mortality was evident in 14% of patients with AKI.
Patients with AKI with older age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, mechanical ventilation, and
vasopressor were significantly associated with renal replacement therapy.
Conclusion
AKI was associated with high mortality rate, and early identification may cause a
dramatic decrease in mortality and morbidity, which could be expected in these
high-risk patients.