Diabetes mellitus is chronic common disease spread between population in developing countries as well as drugs used in treatment have serious side effect on patients. Thus using natural herbs in therapy may be effective in treatment of diabetes with no or less side effect. For this purposes four groups each of 10 male albino rats were studied. Group (1) act as normal control. Group (2) rats injected I/P with streptozotocin (STZ) and not treated (control diabetic). Group (3) diabetic rats treated with artichoke leaves extract at dose of 20mg/kg b.w/orally. Group (4) diabetic rats treated with artichoke leaves extract at a dose of 40mg/kg b.w/orally daily for six weeks. Blood samples were collected from all rats groups at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after administration of artichoke leaves extract. Our results revealed that diabetic rats showing highly significant increase in plasma glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol(TAG), high density lipoprotein (HDL-c), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-c), low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) and L- Malonaldialdhyde (L-MDA) as compared to normal rats. While rats treated with artichoke leaves extract showing significant decrease of plasma glucose, cholesterol, TG, VLDL and LDL-c. On contrast plasma HDL-c showing significant increase while L-MDA reveald non significant decrease as compared with diabetic rats all over the experimental period. In addition, our data showing that, artichokes leaves extract modulate changes in erythrocytes antioxidant enzymes of diabetic rats. So we encourage using of artichoke as a natural herbs to help in treatment of diabetes with suitable doses to avoid side effects of chemical drugs.