In April 2014 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) affected water buffaloes
(Bubalus bubalis) aged from 3-5 years in Qalyubia, Egypt. The aim of the
present study was to diagnose FMDV molecularly and biochemically. Blood
samples were collected from buffaloes suffering from characteristic clinical
signs of FMDV infection as fever, profuse ruby threads salivation, ulcer on
muzzle, vesicles on foot and lameness. Blood samples, tongue epithelium
and vesicular fluid were evaluated by real time RT-qPCR for the diagnosis of
FMDV using different probes and primers of universal (3D) gene and VP1
gene for serotypes A, Iran O, Asia and SAT2. The positive sample confirmed
by one step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This
resulted in the identification of a SAT2 serotype was the causative agent and
the amplified RNA virus resulted in 716bp. Serum samples of positive PCR
infected animals compared with apparently healthy control group was used
to determine the concentration of aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine
amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total protein,
calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and inorganic phosphorus (Ph). A level of nitric oxide
(NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were calorimetrically measured in serum
as markers for oxidant status. There was a significant increase (P