Background: Tympanosclerosis, which can sometimes follow middle‑ear inflammation, is the calcification of middle‑ear connective tissue,
especially the tympanic membrane. Numerous disorders, including chronic otitis media (OM) with effusion, are characterized by tumor necrosis
factor (TNF) propensity to induce and maintain inflammatory reactions. Aim: This study aims to measure the expression of the TNF gene in
the plasma of those who have tympanosclerosis as a result of ventilation tube insertion. Patients and Methods: In this study, 160 patients
were included. The patients were split into two groups, Group A, which consisted of 120 patients and was subjected to inclusion and exclusion
criteria, and Group B, which consisted of 40 volunteers. The patients underwent a full clinical examination, a history taker, and a laboratory
investigation of TNF gene expression (quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction). Results: According to TNF gene expression, there
was a statistical difference between the groups; the mean TNF in the cases group (3.87) was statistically higher than the control group (1),
P = 0.001. TNF levels statistically differed according to the quantity of tubes inserted (P = 0.005) and the length of the secretory OM (P = 0.042).
TNF levels were not statistically different according to medication use or acute OM bouts. Conclusion: In comparison to the control group,
the level of TNF gene profile expression in a few middle‑ear structures with tympanosclerosis was statistically significant