Purpose : To compare the results obtained after primary intraocular lens (I.O.L.) implantation with posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy versus the results obtained with the same technique done secondarily in aphakic eyes of children (2 m-15 y). Methods : In the 1st. group (100 eyes) a routine extracapsular cataract extraction, peripheral iridectomy, posterior chamber (P.C.) 1.0.L., pars plana (or pars plicta) posterior capsulotomy (central 5-6 mm) and anterior vitrectomy were done . In the second group (20 eyes) a pars plana /plicata lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy were done, 1-2 month later a secondary I.O.L. implantation were done . Results : The difficulties, the complications and the corrected visual outcome were discussed. The overall results ensured a clear papillary area, minimal postoperative complications and a favourable visual outcome in all cases . The difficulties were more considerable in secondary implanted cases thanthose with primary implantation . The postoperative reaction in primary implanted cases was a little more than those with secondary implantation . Conclusion:primary posterior chamber lens implantation with primary posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy is the preferred technique in children; however, it needs more follow up.