ABSTRACT ackground:Weaimed to studytheplasmaadiponectinlevel as apredictorof Egyptian type 2 diabetes withandwithout metabolic syndrome. Subjects and methods: This studywascarried outon70humansdivided into three groups . GroupIincludedtwentyfivetype2diabeticpatientswithmetabolicsyndrome(10 malesand15females),meanagewas(52.9:t 10.5years).Group11 includedtwentyfive diabeticpatientswithoutmetabolicsyndrome(20malesand5females),meanagewas(55.8 i9.1years).GroupIIIincludedtwenty normalhealth volunteerssewingascontrol(8males and 12 females),meanagewas( 48.8i4.2 years).Thorough historytakingandclinical examinationwasdonetoallsubjectswithstressonageofdevelopmentofDM,durationof DM,lineoftreatment,waistcircumference,BMI,systolicanddiastolicBP.Thefollowing laboratoryinvestigationsweredonetoallsubjects fastingandpostprandialbloodglucose level, plasmainsulinandadiponectin. Result: Plasmaadiponectinlevelwassignificantly lowerintype2diabeticpatientswithmetabolicsyndromecomparedtobothtype2diabetic patients withoutmetabolic syndromeandcontrol group.The study showeda significant negative correlation ofadiponectin withbodymass index( BMI), waist circumference, systolic anddiastolic bloodpressure , fastingplasmaglucose(FPG)andtwohourspost— prandialplasmaglucose(PPPG),triglyceride(TG),insulinandhomeostasismodelassessment (HOMA)amonggroup1patients.Nosignificantcorrelationwaselicitedbetweenadiponectin level andthese parameters in group II neither diabetic patients norcontrol group. A significantpositivecorrelationwasdetectedbetweenHDL-cholesterolandadiponectinin diabetic patients withmetabolicsyndromewhile nosignificantcorrelationwasdetected betweenadiponectinandHDL-cholesterolinothergroups . Conclusions: Hypoadiponectinemiacanbeconsidered as acause andacomponentof metabolicsyndromeanditcanbeconsideredasapredictoroftype2diabetesmellituswith metabolicsyndromeandnotfortype2diabetesmellitus withoutmetabolicsyndrome.