Background: A member of pattern recognition receptors is the
toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4). It is a highly conserved receptor that
can identify compounds like damage- and pathogen-associated
molecular patterns. As inflammation is considered to have a very
important role in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and toll-like receptors
play a central role in inflammation through immune responses,
TLR-4 has a universal role in the T2D mechanism. Excessive
amounts of glucose and free fatty acids lead to enlarged
expression of TLR-4 mRNA and proteins in cases with T2D.
Aim of the study: Is to determine the role of TLR-4 gene
polymorphism (rs4986791), threonine 399 isoleucine (Thr399Ile)
in the pathogenesis of T2D and diabetic nephropathy (DN)
Egyptian patients. Subjects and methods: Sixty patients with
T2D, thirty of them with DN and thirty without DN and twenty
healthy controls had been genotyped for Thr399Ile
polymorphisms of the TLR-4 gene by quantitative real-time
PCR. Results: Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism CT and TT
genotypes and T allele found the relationship to T2D (P1). But there had been no
significant relationship regarding TLR-4 gene polymorphism
among patients with and without nephropathy (P=.674 and .296)
for CT and TT genotypes. Conclusion: This study elucidated
that the distinguished distribution of genotypes CT and TT of
TLR-4 gene polymorphism (rs4986791) among T2D patients and
healthy subjects is allied with an increased risk of T2D. But there
had been no significant relationship with diabetic nephropathy in
Egyptian populations