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publication name AN EARLY PALEOCENE (DANIAN) RECORD OF MOONFISHES (CARANGARIA: MENIDAE), WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR EARLY DIVERSIFICATION IN CARANGARIAN FISHES
Authors S. El-Sayed, M. Friedman, R. Speijer, B.S. Salem, H.M. Sallam
year 2022
keywords
journal The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 82 Annual Meeting
volume Not Available
issue Not Available
pages 134
publisher Not Available
Local/International International
Paper Link https://vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022_SVP_Program-Final.pdf
Full paper download
Supplementary materials Not Available
Abstract

Carangaria (jacks, flatfishes, billfishes, and kin) are a morphologically diverse clade of primarily marine spiny-rayed fishes characterized by a wide array of peculiar behavioral and anatomical novelties. The oldest undisputable body-fossil records of carangarians are from around the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, with many examples from faunas apparently coincident with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (~56 Ma). Molecular clocks point to the origins of the group late in the Cretaceous or early in the Cenozoic. Here, we report on a new species of the carangarian Mene from the Eastern Desert of Egypt. The fish-bearing horizon characterizes the anomalous marl beds of the Latest Danian Event, a hyperthermal, and is securely dated to 62.2 Ma. Assignment of the new specimens to Mene is supported by numerous synapomorphies (e.g., compressed disc-like body, anteroposteriorly elongated dorsal and anal fins with relatively short rays, narrow pelvic fins with a compressed and greatly elongated second ray. However, these new specimens exhibit a unique combination of features compared to other species of Mene: separate first and second neural spines, no lateral laminar expansions of the dorsal pterygiophores, rounded dorsal and ventral profiles of the maxilla, a distinctive patterns of ridges on the frontal-supraoccipital crest, straight posterior border of the angular, and a rectangular shaped ceratohyal with no dorsal expansion. These suggest that the Danian Mene from Egypt represents a new species, with the retention of primitive features indicating it might represent the sister lineage of all other members of the genus. The discovery of definitive material of Mene in the early Paleocene extends the record of that genus by over six million years. More significantly, the highly specialized anatomy of Mene makes the new Egyptian fossils an robust new marker for establishing the timeline of diversification within Carangaria, and indicates that some of the most specialized anatomies within the group were already present a few million years after the CretaceousPaleogene extinction. The remarkable similarity of Mene species over 60 million years of evolutionary history represents a striking example of anatomical stasis.

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