In this work, based on the strawberry-like SiO2/Ag nanocomposites (SANC) immersed filter paper, a newly surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was constructed for the detection of acrylamide (AAm) in food products. To construct filter paper-based SANC (F-SANC) SERS substrates, SiO2 nanoparticles (SNP) were firstly synthesized and acted as carriers. After that, the in-situ preparation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) on SNP surface was carried out to form the strawberry-like three-dimensional (3D) structure of SANC. Finally, SANC were entangled into the filter paper to produce nanoarchitecture, thus providing enhanced plasmon resonance between SANC with strong SERS signal. Under the optimized conditions, the method exhibited good performance toward AAm with a vast linear response from 0.1 nM to 50 μM (R = 0.9935), limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 nM (S/N = 3), and the recoveries of 80.5%~105.6% for practical samples. This strategy showed good robustness in the rapid and sensitive detection of AAm, which could be a promising strategy in food analysis and verification.