Background: Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) is characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension. It is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type-2 diabetes. Consumption of fructose is linked to increased prevalence of Met-S. Caffeine is an alkaloid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities and has been shown to improve insulin resistance. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre treatment with caffeine on Met-S and compared the effects to fenofibrate (an agonist of PPAR-α receptors) which is known to exert a protective effect in Met-S. Methods: Met-S was induced in male albino rats by administration of high fructose 10% in drinking water and 60%in diet for 12 weeks. Serum levels of: Glucose, TGs, Tch, HDL-C, LDL-C, Insulin, Uric acid, body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HOMA-IR were measured in different experimental groups. Results: High fructose intake caused a significant increase (P