The seroprevalence and risk factors for Erucella seropositivity in small ruminants in Libya were investigated. Serum samples were collected from 720 small ruminants (460 sheep and 260 goats) randomly from 32 flocks. The antibodies against Brucella were determined by the Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination test (RBPAT) and Complement Fixation test (CFT). Questionnaire information was used to identify risk factors for Brucella seropositivity. In addition questionnaire was used to collect information on animal health and management. The most efficient strategy for the control of the Breucellosis in small ruminants is the vaccination with REV-1 vaccine which is administered conjunctively. Of the 720 animals sampled, 139 (19.30%) had antibodies against Brucella. Nine flocks (28.13%) had at least one Brucella seropositive animal. The absence disinfection procedures and vaccihation of animals with REV-1 vaccine, as well as addition of new animals to flocks and previous Brucella infection are the most risk fa;-.ir>rs for Brucella seropositivity.