Recently, many researchers have been interested in the so-called theories of nonlocal elasticity (NET) and modified couple stress (MCS). The effect of size and dependence on the micron scale was predicted using this theory. A new set of equations was created that governs this theory including the equation for a couple of moments and the use of the concept of couple stress elasticity. Also, the generalized thermoelastic model with phase lag is used. The present work concentrated on introducing thermoelastic rotating nanobeams structural analysis under periodic pulse heating by applying the non-local MCS theory and generalized thermoelastic theory. The thermal conductivity of the material is considered to be variable and linearly dependent on changes in temperature. Laplace transform and state space methods are used to obtain the physical fields of the nanobeam. The effects of size and non-local factors, variability of thermal conductivity, centrifugal force due to rotation and couple stress on different field variables are visually presented and examined in depth.