The experiments that were performed in the present investigation were carried out at the Experimental Station, Moshtohor, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University during the two successive growing seasons 2001 and 2002. Effects of 6 fertilization treatments on seed germination, plant growth, yield parameters and seed quality of 2 mung bean cultivars were investigated. The used treatments including 3 levels of NPK fertilizers without or with inoculation (I) of seeds with Rhizobium (half recommended, (1/2R & 1/2R+I), recommended (R “control” & R+I) and double recommended (2R & 2R+I) doses. The 2R+I, 2R and R+I, in general, improved the vegetative growth parameters and leaf pigments of the 2 cultivars Giza-1 and Kawmi-1 better than control “R” treatment. The 2R+I treatment produced the highest diameter, number and weight of fruits and weight of seeds/plant. The 2R treatment produced the highest fruit length and number of seeds/plant meanwhile R+I treatment increased number of fruits and seeds and weight of seeds/plant and weight of fruits/plant. Effects of the used treatments on accumulation of N, P and K, sugars contents and anatomical structures of the different organs of mung bean plants were also investigated and discussed.