The effect of inorganic ions and temperature on lead (Pb2+) adsorption was evaluated on three acidic soils: yellow-brown soil (YBS), latosol soil (LS), and lateritic red soil (LRS). The results showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ in the presence of anions decreased in the order: SO4 2− > NO3 − = Cl−, while in the presence of cations, it reduced in the order: K+ > Ca2+. Accordingly, the contamination of YBS, LS and LRS soils with Pb2+ wasmore noticeable when they contained more NO3 −, Cl− and Ca2+ than SO4 2− and K+. The distribution coefficient (Kd) of Pb2+ declined in the order: YBS > LS > LRS in the presence of anions. Adsorption and Kd values of Pb2+ were mainly dependent on ion types and altered surface properties caused by the adsorption and/or the formation of ion complexes. The Kd values enhanced slightly with increasing temperature up to 35 °C and then decreased at 45 °C. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, including the heat of reaction (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and the free energy change (ΔG), the adsorption process of Pb2+ on YBS, LS and LRS soils was endothermic and impetuous at low temperatures, whereas it was exothermic and non-spontaneous at high temperatures.