Pesticides are widespread synthesized substances used for public health protection and agricultural programs. However,
they cause environmental pollution and health hazards. This study aimed to examine the protective effects of sesame oil
(SO) on the genetic alterations induced by cypermethrin (CYP) in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats. Male rats were
divided into four groups, each containing 10 rats: the control group received vehicle, SO group (5 mL/kg b.w), CYP group
(12 mg/kg b.w), and protective group received SO (5 mL/kg b.w) plus CYP (12 mg/kg b.w). Biochemical analysis showed
an increase in albumin, urea, creatinine, GPT, GOT, and lipid profiles in the CYP group. Co-administration of SO with
CYP normalized such biochemical changes. CYP administration decreased both the activity and mRNA expression of the
examined antioxidants. SO co-administration recovered CYP, downregulating the expression of glutathione-S-transferase
(GST), catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, SO co-administration with CYP counteracted the CYP- altering
the expression of renal interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),
anigotensinogen (AGT), AGT receptors (AT1), and genes of hepatic glucose and fatty acids metabolism. CYP induced
degenerative changes in the kidney and liver histology which are ameliorated by SO. In conclusion, SO has a protective
effect against alterations and pathological changes induced by CYP in the liver and kidney at genetic and histological levels.