Airway management is one of the most important skills which must be acquired by all anesthesiologists as the conduction of general anesthesia depends mainly on this skill. In any patients, the greater the degree of difficulty in maintaining the airway patency, the greater the risk of brain damage or even death. Greater efforts and studies are focused on finding either new devices or techniques for management of difficult airway. There are new guidelines for helping anesthesiologists in management of difficult airway. Airway trauma is related to anesthetic practice and its management is a life saving emergency. In our research we discussed causes of difficult airway and how to predict and manage difficult airway to facilitate dealing with these cases. Many recent guidelines were done for easy exploration and management of difficult airway especially in apparently normal patients. We also will discuss expected complications of difficult airway, how to manage and call for help if these complications occur with recent instruments used for management.