Acts of violence and aggression committed by patients with schizophrenia is a major public health concern affecting patients, their families, treating clinicians as well as the community at large. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors for aggressive and violence behavior among schizophrenic patients. Descriptive design was used to achieve the aim of this study. Setting: Psychiatric Mental Health Hospital at Benha City, Qaliubiya Governorate which is affiliated to the General Secretariat. Subject: A convenience sample of 80 patients who were hospitalized at above mentioned setting. Tools: Structural questionnaire sheet was developed by the researcher and tested for its content validity and reliability that consisted of two tools: tool one was consisted of three parts to assess socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and the history of aggressive and violence behavior before entering and inside the hospital and tool two to assess risk factors for aggressive and violence behavior among schizophrenic patients. Results: More than three quarters of studied patients had pervious history of aggressive behavior inside the hospital, verbal aggression was the most common form of aggression inside the hospital, more than quarter of studied patients had high static risk factors of aggression, more than one third of studied patients had high clinical and dynamic risk factors of aggression. The majority of studied patients had moderate risk of staff related factors of aggression and the majority of them had high risk of unit and environmental related factors of aggression. Conclusion: There were many risk factors can lead to aggressive and violence behavior among schizophrenic patients such as static risk factors, clinical and dynamic risk factors, staff related factors , unit and environmental related factors . Recommendations: The study recommended that a system for accurate monitoring of inpatients' aggression and violence should be established in the psychiatric hospitals. Maintaining a constructive and therapeutic hospital environment to decrease the potential for aggressive and violence behavior.