Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate iron deficiency anemia as a risk factor for febrile seizures in pediatrics. Background: Febrile seizures are a form of acute symptomatic seizures. Being one of the most important pediatric health problems in developing and developed countries. Also, iron deficiency anemia is a major health problem in young children. Methods:This study was conducted on 80 infants and children aged 6 months to 6 years old. They were divided into two groups: group (A) it included 50 infants and children suffering from febrile seizures with mean age 23.6±15.84; (6-72) months. Group (B): it included 30 infants and children suffering from fever without any neurological problems, with mean age 16.89±13.15; (6-60) months. 25 infants were from rural areas and 25 infants were from urban areas in group (A); while 18 infants were from rural areas and 12 infants were from urban areas in group (B). All enrolled children were subjected to: history taking, clinical examination. Complete blood count was done with measures of serum iron, serum ferritin levels , total iron binding capacity and Transferrin saturation. Results:Iron deficiency anemia was present in 72% of group A (36) and 50% of group B(15). There was statistical significant difference between studied groups regarding the presence of iron deficiency anemia with OR of 2.57 95% CI (0.90-7.34). There was negative significant correlation between temperature and Serum ferritin in Group A, positive significant correlation between temperature and TIBC in Group A and negative significant correlation between temperature and Transferrin saturation in both Group A and Group B. Conclusion: Children with iron deficiency anemia were found to be more susceptible to have febrile convulsions compared to non-anemic children