Background: MCP-1 is a member of the CC chemokine family and acts chemotactically on monocytes and induces monocyte and macrophage infiltration into tissues. Hyperglycemia induces MCP-1 production in vascular endothelial cells and retinal pigmented epithelial cells, and has been implicated as a causal factor in the facilitation of vascular complications in diabetes. In the present study, we evaluated the association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MCP-1 gene with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in egyptian population with type 2 diabetes. Patients and Methods: We conducted a case-control study, which included 50 subjects with type 2 diabetes. SNP genotyping of c.2518A/G in the MCP-1 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction followed by digestion with PvuII restriction enzyme. Results: The prevalence of c.2518A/G polymorphism in diabetic patients was 52% (A/A), 34% (A/G) and 14% (G/G). In patients with diabetic retinopathy, the prevalence of PDR was significantly higher (p