Ten adult she-camels were used to study histological structure of the vulva and the immunohitochemical
localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR). Histologically, the vulvar
lip consists of mucosal surface, cutaneous surface and connective tissue core. The mucous surface is
lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium while thecutaneous surface is covered with skin
and its appendages except sweat gland. Immunohistochemically, ERα is identified in the epithelia of
both surfaces of the vulva but PR is not identified in the skinof vulva of camel. Both ERα and PR are
localized in the nuclei of the basal and parabasal cell layers in the vulvar epithelia indicating their role
in growth and differentiation.