Abstracy Background: Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory effects and has a modulation role in the immune system. In several studies, the role of vitamin D deficiency has been proven in respiratory and middle ear infection Aim: Study the effects of serum levels of vitamin D on the development of secretory otitis media and the adenoid hypertrophy.
Patients and methods: This prospective case control study included a total of 150 subjects, who were divided into two groups; cases group which included 100 cases diagnosed with secretory otitis media and adenoid hypertrophy, and control group which included 50 healthy children. All
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30 cases and controls were subjected to complete history taking, thorough ENT examination, and
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32 tympanometry. In addition, serum vitamin D was ordered for all subjects. Results: The mean age of the study cases was 7.65 years, which significantly older than controls (mean age 6.1 – p = 0.002). However, no significant difference was detected between the two groups regarding gender (p = 1). The commonest season of presentation in the cases group was winter (70%), while the remaining cases presented at summer. The season of presentation was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.017). Regarding vitamin D levels, it was significantly lower in the cases group (11.82 vs. 23.72 ng/ml in controls – p < 0.001). Using a cut-off value of 18.85, vitamin D had sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 90% respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7%. All cases showed hypertrophied adenoids on X ray and type B tympanometry on tympanogram, while all controls showed normal sized adenoids in addition to type A tympanogram Conclusion: Our results suggest that low vitamin D levels are linked to both secretory otitis media with effusion together with enlarged adenoids. Therefore, measurement of the serum