Due to their comparable electrical properties, pencil graphite electrodes (PGE) have become a more popular electrode in
electrochemical applications than traditional carbon electrodes, mostly because of their affordability and availability, which allows
for disposable applications. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) techniques were used to develop a new
disposable modified pencil graphite electrode based on the electropolymerization of 1,5-diaminonaphthalane (1,5-DAN).
Characterization results confirmed that the modified p-1,5-DAN/PGE(CV) sensor showed much enhanced sensitivity and lower
resistivity than the bare and p-1,5-DAN/PGE(CA) sensor, therefore, it was used for the sensitive and selective voltammetric
determination of flufenamic acid (FFA). Under the optimum experimental conditions, the p-1,5-DAN/PGE(CV) sensor showed
limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of 4.97 × 10−10 (0.14 ng ml−1) and 1.66 × 10−9 M (0.47 ng ml−1), respectively,
applying square wave anodic stripping voltammetry method. The p-1,5-DAN/PGE(CV) sensor also exhibits good accuracy,
repeatability, storage stability and selectivity for detecting FFA in biological fluids. These results confirms that the developed p-
1,5-DAN/PGE(CV) sensor is more sensitive to measuring FFA in biological fluids, pharmaceutical formulations, and
pharmacokinetic studies compared with the previous electrochemical sensors.