Abstract: in vitro maturation, fertilization and culturing of buffalo oocytes were considered the most important application, to improve buffalo reproductivety and productivity. Oocyte maturation is the first and most critical step towards successful in vitro embryo production. There are many factors affect the maturation of buffalo oocytes as culture media, method of recovery, oocyte quality, season of collection and ovarian status and others. Proper oocytes selection in the laboratory is crucial for successful embryo production in vitro. Little information is available on in vitro maturation and fertilization of buffalo oocytes. in vitro fertilization results obtained by several workers were relatively poor when compared to cattle. So the present review aimed to throw some lights on the factors affecting oocytes in vitro maturation in buffalo.