This study aimed to estimate the effects of restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] in the
follicle stimulating hormone receptor gene [FSHR gene], regarding to fertile and infertile Egyptian buffaloes.
The ovarian status of animals was classified by ultrasonography into follicular phase, luteal phase, bilateral
inactive ovary with normal uterus and bilateral inactive ovary with endometritis. Blood samples were collected
from fertile and non-fertile buffaloes with the history of anestrum or repeat breeders for DNA extraction and
progesterone analysis. The results showed that, the overall mean of plasma progesterone levels in normal cyclic
animals were significantly higher during the luteal phase (5.78±0.69 ng/ml) as compared to the follicular phase
(1.57±0.18 ng/ml). Moreover, there were no significant differences between animals had normal uterus and those
suffered from endometritis in association with bilateral inactive ovaries. All buffaloes investigated in this study
were genotyped as CC where DNA amplified fragments at 306-bp were digested with AluI endonuclease and
gave two digested fragments at 243- and 63-bp. In conclusion, monomorphic pattern of follicle-stimulating
hormone receptor gene [FSHR gene] is considered a unique feature that may be related to the characteristic
species in buffalo. So, the polymorphisms and interaction with the fertility feature should be endorsed for
advanced research with a big number of buffaloes.