Drug exposure is a common risk factor for male infertility and should be investigated carefully. This study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effect of α-lipoic acid against gentamicininduced-testicular damage. Sixty Wister male rats aged 8 weeks and weighted 200±20 gm were randomly assigned to six groups of ten. Groups 1 and 2 were treated with 18.25 and 36.5mg/kg gentamicin, respectively. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with 36.5mg/kg gentamicin plus 100mg/Kg/day α-lipoic acid (ALA), 200mg/Kg/day ALA, and 100mg/kg vitamin E, respectively. Group 6 served as control. All treatments were administered once daily for 14 days. Half the animals in each group were sacrificed on the 15th day, while the second half was sacrificed on the 60th day of the experiment. Blood samples were collected from the retroorbital venous plexus just before sacrifice. Immediately after the sacrifice, reproductive organs were removed and weighed, and semen was collected for analysis. Groups treated with gentamicin and either ALA or vitamin E showed preserved reproductive organs weight and sperm parameters compared to gentamicin alone on both sacrifice days (p