Context:Exposure to Electomagnetic radiation fields of cell phones causes thyroid dysfunction and aprevious study revealed that nesfatin-1 may affect functions of the thyroid gland.Objective:To study the role of nesfatin-1 on functions of rat’s thyroid gland exposed to EMRF.Materials and methods:Thirty adult male rats were divided equally into 3 groups as group I, group IIand group III. The experiment extended for 30days then the plasma nesfatin-1 level, thyroid functions,and thyroid tissue oxidative stress were assessed. Also; histological and immunohistochemical studystudies were done to evaluate structural and apoptotic changes of the thyroid gland.Results:There was a significant decrease in plasma nesfatin-1 level and thyroid functions with anincrease in oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, there was a correlation between nesfatin-1level and markers of thyroid function, oxidative stress and apoptosis.Conclusion:Nesfatin-1 plays a role in thyroid dysfunctions of rats exposed to mobile phone radiation.