Innate immunity plays an important role in the host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) is the main receptor and one of central components in initiation of innate immunity against M. tuberculosis. The study aimed to evaluate TLR2 surface expression on peripheral blood monocytes and study its association with variants in TLR2 597T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Fifty pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 50 healthy controls were investigated for TLR2 expression on CD14+ monocytes by flow cytometry and TLR2 597T/C genotyping by Tetra primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR). A significant increase (P