This study aimed to assess the quality of nursing care provided to neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The study was conducted at different Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) Affiliated to Benha City, Namely Benha University, Benha Teaching and Specialized Pediatric Hospitals. The study Sample composed of seventy (70) nurses working at previously mentioned setting and one hundred forty (140) neonate having RDS. Data collected was done by using questionnaire to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding nursing care for neonates with RDS and standardized practical assessment sheet to assess nurses’ performance. The results of this study revealed that, the highest percentage of studied nurses (71.4%) had an average level of knowledge, and incompetent performance, there was statistical significance relation between nurses’ knowledge and academic qualification, statistical significance relation between nurses’ performance and attending training courses, with no statistical significance correlation between nurses’ knowledge and their performance. The study concluded that nurses did not provide competent nursing care for neonates with RDS. The study recommended periodical educational training program for nurses working at NICU, with provide procedure book containing all procedures related to nursing care for neonates with RDS, to provide them with the needed information to improve quality of nursing care for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

Key words: Nursing, RDS, Knowledge, Performance