Spherical TiO2 particles (60 nm) were obtained by using a Triton X-100. The surfactant was employed in two
stages, i.e., in the hydrolysis of TiCl4 and then in the precipitation of the corresponding Ti (IV) polymers. The
advantages of such spherical TiO2 particles were examined in terms of photovoltaic characteristics of a dye-sensitized
solar cell (DSSC) using Orange IV dye as sensitizer. Significantly higher overall solar energy conversion
efficiency was obtained for a DSSC using the film of these spherical TiO2 particles, compared with that of a cell
using a TiO2 film prepared without surfactant.