Neuropeptide W (NPW) is produced in neurons located in hypothalamus, brain stem and antral G cells and its
receptors are present in the hypothalamus, in particular in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). There are two
forms of the peptide, designated as neuropeptide W-23 (NPW23) and neuropeptide W-30 (NPW30). Neuropeptide
W is an endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR7 and GPR8 receptors (R), which in humans
are expressed in the hypothalamus and probably involved in the control of energy homoeostasis and neuroendocrine
axes. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of NPW on feeding intake and energy expenditure
in Wistar rats. Systemic (icv) injection of both forms of neuropeptide W (NPW23 and NPW30) to ad libitum feeding
Wistar rats decreased dark feeding and fasting-induced feeding. One week of systemic treatment with
NPW23 decreased feeding intake and weight gain during the treatment period. On the other hand, systemic
treatment with antineuropeptide W antibody increased feeding intake. Moreover, systemic treatment with neuropeptide
W-23 raised body temperature and consequently thermogenesis. These results strongly suggest that
neuropeptide W may play an important central role in the feeding intake and energy balance control in mammals.