Abstract: Integrating photovoltaic (PV) plants into electric
power system exhibits challenges to power system
dynamic performance. These challenges stem primarily
from the natural characteristics of PV plants, which
differ in some respects from the conventional plants.
The most significant challenge is how to extract and
regulate the maximum power from the sun. This paper
presents the optimal design for the most commonly used
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques
based on Proportional Integral tuned by Particle
Swarm Optimization (PI-PSO). These suggested techniques
are, (1) the incremental conductance, (2) perturb
and observe, (3) fractional short circuit current and (4)
fractional open circuit voltage techniques. This research
work provides a comprehensive comparative study with
the energy availability ratio from photovoltaic panels.
The simulation results proved that the proposed controllers
have an impressive tracking response. The system
dynamic performance improved greatly using the
proposed controllers.