In general, the engineering projects produce localized changes to the air, the hydrology, and
the land mass. Hence, they will cause various environmental biotic impacts. Therefore, the
engineering specifications of the proposed actions should be developed to predict the biotic
impacts on the existing physical environmental with some degree of accuracy.
Evaluating the environmental impacts of these projects refers to many sources of data.
Overlaying the non-heterogeneous data sources can be implemented and analyzed with the help
of the GIS techniques. Such a technology will offer alternatives based on the given data and
their weights. Also, it can assess the proposed project site and its environmental context.
Moreover, it can derive insights that can help guide project planning and design.
In this paper, the importance of the EIA is presented. Basic characteristics of impacts, steps
and methodology of assessments are itemized. The need of the GIS technology for this
purpose is highlighted. A case study concerned with the integration between environmental
factors – hand in hand with the engineering ones is presented.