Background: Water exercise is a form of physical exercise which is considered ideal for many people including
the elderly, obese patients, and patients with arthritis. Recently, several studies have discussed water exercise and
its role for pregnant women as it has shown promising effects om maternal and neonatal outcomes
Methods: We followed the standard methods of Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for interventions
and the PRISMA statement guidelines 2020 when conducting and reporting this study. A computer literature
search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was conducted
from inception until December 2021. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of
water-based exercise on pregnant women, and all relevant outcomes were pooled in the meta-analysis using
Review Manager Software
Results: Six RCTs were included in our study with only four RCTs included in the meta-analysis. For maternal
outcomes, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of “days of gestation” [MD=-0.22
CI 95% (-1.80, 1.36), p=0.78], “vaginal delivery” [RR=0.97 CI 95% (0.90, 1.03), p=0.03), “cesarean delivery”
[RR=1.36, CI 95% (0.96, 1.92)], “induced labor” [RR=0.78 CI 95% (0.58, 1.05)], “vaginal tear” [RR=0.95 CI
95% (0.77, 1.16)], and “episiotomy” [RR=0.88 CI 95% (0.66, 1.18)]. For neonatal outcomes, there was no
significant difference in term of “neonatal weight” [MD-0.02 CI 95% (0.09, 0.05), p=0.61].
Conclusion
In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that prenatal exercise was not associated with other labor and delivery
outcomes.