Background: Mass urine screening program can detect chronic renal disease in early stage. Early recognition and treatment of chronic kidney disease complications lead to improve growth, development and the quality of life in children with chronic condition.
Aim of the work
The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of abnormal urinary findings in urine analysis by screening children with urinary symptoms as dysuria, frequent micturition, abdominal pain, hematuria and children without urinary symptoms to detect the prevalence of renal and systemic diseases to improve its outcome.
Methods: this cross sectional study was carried out on 150 child with urinary symptoms (frequent micturition, abdominal pain, dysuria, dark urine) coming in pediatric clinic in Benha university hospitals and 25 child without urinary symptoms from July 2013 untill September 2014. The age ranged from 3 to 15 years. Urinary screening was performed with the dipstick test and microscopic analysis for protein, blood, glucose, nitrite and leukocyte. All cases were subjected to general examination (blood pressure, weight and height), local abdominal examination, complete urine examination urine culture, and abdominal ultrasound was done for many finding positive cases.
Results: of symptomatic children (group A) 54 (36%) child had urinary abnormalitiwes among them 33 (21%) were positive for different types of crystals, 17 (11.3%) child had isolated hematuria, combined hematuria and proteinuria in 5 (3.3%) children, 26 (17.3%) children had pyuria, positive nitrite in 5 (3.3%) children and 2 (1.3%) had isolated proteinuria. In (control group) 4 (16%) children, 2 (8%) children were positive for pus cells and 2 (8%) children were positive for different types of crystals.urine culture was done for 21 child and it was positive in 15 (71.4%), 5 (23.8%) child G+ve (staph), 3 (14.3%) G+ve (other than staph), 7 (33.3%) children mixed (G+ve and G-ve).
Abdominal U/S done to children with hematuria and proteinuria and some patients with pyuria (25 children) 16 (64% of 25 child) child of them had abnormal results, 11 (44%) child had renal gravels, 2 (8%)children had renal stones and 2 (8%) children had cystitis, one child had congenital double ureter, those with renal stones were referred to urologist.
There was no significant difference observed in the prevalence of urinary abnormalities between boys and girls (P value=0.09), also no significant difference observed regarding to the age (P value=0.2).
Conclusion: urinary abnormalities might be detected by the screening programs as easy and inexpensive for early detection of renal diseases, a way for early management. Follow up of patients with confirmed abnormal urine examination, as some of these diseases may be reversible, reccurent or progressive to improve its outcome.