Background: to detect renal function in children from 2-5 years with congenital anomalies for early diagnosis of renal injury either UTI or early stage renal failure in order to prevent irreversible renal damage and renal scaring.
Patients and Methods: this study was conducted on 100 children suffering from congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract, they were subjected to renal function testing by doing urine analysis, blood urea and serum criatinine for all cases. Also, GFR was calculated to determine the stage of renal disease (stage 1: GFR 90, stage 2: GFR 60-89, stage 3: GFR 30-59, stage 4: GFR 15-29 and stage 5: GFR below 15). These cases were divided into 5 groups: group 1: cases of VUR (38 cases), group 2: cases of PUJO (33 cases), group 3: cases of PUV (19 cases), group 4: cases or uretrocele (4 cases) and group 5: cases of horseshoe kidney. All data was analyzed by using statistical method.
Results: In this study we found 28 cases with renal failure, 3 cases were in end stage renal disease, 40 cases were in stage 3, 28 cases were in stage 2 and only 1 case in stage 1. Urine analysis showed proteinuria was found in 14 cases, hematuria was found in 2 cases, pyuria was found in 66 cases, pyuria and hematuria was found in 1 case and urine analysis was free in 17 cases. Regarding urine culture it was positive in 66 cases (66%) and negative in 34 cases (34%). The most common organism was E.coli in 55 cases (55%) followed by pseudomonas in 6 cases (6%) and klebsiela in 5 cases (5%). The mean urea was 45 for cases of PUJO, 65 for cases of PUV, 44 for cases of VUR, 47 for cases of uretrocele and 48 for cases of horseshoe kidney. The mean creatinine for cases of PUJO was 0.98, 2.96 for cases of PUV, 1.27 for cases of VUR, 1.43 for cases of horseshoe kidney and 1.73 for cases of uretrocele.
Conclusion: early detection of renal function in children with congenital anomalies of urinary tract reduce the number of patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD).